The Argument Of Defending Abortion - 850 Words

Defending abortion is always controversial. But, in some circumstances it can be justified. In the case of Clare Macwurter, her mental state questions if abortion is permissible. Judith Thomson’s article â€Å"A Defense of Abortion† argues analogies defending her reasoning for justifiable abortion. In some cases, Thomson reasons that abortion is sometimes justifiable. Munson states, â€Å"When the reasons for having an abortion are trivial, then abortion is not legitimate. When the reasons are serious and involve the health or welfare of the woman, then abortion is justifiable† (Munson, p.473). So, Thomson concludes that abortion, in the right circumstance, is acceptable. In the case of Clare, Thomson’s defense against abortion applies, because of Clare’s mental state. She believes that overall the woman has the right over her body. Thomson says, â€Å"It seems to me that the argument we are looking at can establish at most that there are some cases I which the unborn person has a right to the use of its mother’s body, and therefore some cases in which abortion is unjust killing† (Thomson, p. 478). If the fetus inhibits the welfare of the mother, then abortion is justifiable. With Clare, her welfare would be jeopardized and so would the unbor n child, because of the incapability of Clare caring for the child. Therefore, Thomson’s defense of abortion is permissible in Clare’s case because it affects both her wellbeing and the child’s wellbeing. Munson says, â€Å"The basic principle that shouldShow MoreRelatedA Defense Of Abortion By Judith Jarvis Thomson951 Words   |  4 PagesJudith Jarvis Thomson’s A Defense of Abortion, Thomson explores the relationship between the rights of a fetus and the rights of a human, in this case the mother. Thomson is an American moral philosopher and meta-physician. She is known for her defense of moral objectivity, her account of moral rights, her views about the incompleteness of the term good, and her use of thought experiments to make philosophical points. In the article, Thomson defends abortions in several certain circumstances, theRead MoreAbortion : Pro Life And Pro Choice1719 Words   |  7 PagesAbortion: Pro-Life and Pro-Choice â€Å"I have also said that anyone who doesn t feel sure whether we are talking about a second human life should clearly give life the benefit of the doubt. If you don t know whether a body is alive or dead, you would never bury it.† That was just one quote said by Ronald Reagan on the topic of abortion. He also said, â€Å"I ve noticed that everyone who is for abortion has already been born.† Many people, like Reagan once was, are against abortion and believe that it isRead MoreEssay on Thomson Defense of Abortion878 Words   |  4 PagesPhilosophy 1001-001 A Defense of Abortion in Pregnancy Reduction In this paper I will discuss the relevance of J.J. Thomson’s argument in her article, A Defense of Abortion, to that of pregnancy reduction and if there is any relevance, if there are exceptions or situations where that might change. J.J. Thomson’s argument in A Defense of Abortion is that the one thing a person has rights to is his/her body and the right to control what happens with it. Thomson also states that there is an innateRead MoreThe Pro Life Community And Pro Choice Community992 Words   |  4 PagesThe status of abortion is one that will always be argued amongst the pro-life community and the pro-choice community. Abortion is the deliberate termination of a human pregnancy, most often performed during the first 28 weeks. (Dictionary) Jane and John are two accomplished individuals who put their careers ahead of having children. When Jane became pregnant they discovered that the baby had Down syndrome (Down syndrome is a genetic disorder that causes lifelong mental retardation, developmentalRead MoreAbortion: a Controversial Issue1159 Words   |  5 PagesAbortion: A Controversial Issue One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I choose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mothers womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, abortion is morally and ethically wrong because it leadsRead MoreIs Abortion Immoral And Murder?1391 Words   |  6 PagesThe English dictionary definition of abortion is: The termination of pregnancy by the removal or expulsion from the uterus of a fetus or embryo prior to being capable of normal growth. Abortion, as always, has been one of the most controversial topics of all times. Many people believe that abortion is immoral and murder because they consider a fetus to be a human being. The people that believe this are called pro-life believers. Then there are those that believe that a woman should be able to doRead MorePractical Ethics, By Peter Singer, The Modern Bioethical Philosopher1469 Words   |  6 Pagesweighted. According to Singer, a being’s interest should be weighted on the basis of the properties of the being and never on the basis of its affiliation to some abstract group (Peter n.p). The book studies a wide array of ethical issues including abortion, sex, race, ability, infanticide, political violence, the moral status of animals, obligation to assist others, overseas aid, species, embryo experimentation, and euthanasia (Review of Practical Ethics n.p). In assessing the lives which are pleasurableRead MoreA Critique of John T. Noonans an Almost Absolute Value in History1251 Words   |  6 Pagesagainst the morality of abortion at any time during a pregnancy. According to Noonan (2012) humanity begins at the moment of conception. Therefore, the unborn child has the inherent right to live, and abortion at any stage of gestation woul d be the equivalent of murder (p. 472). He makes no exceptions for pregnancies resulting from rape or incest. The only exception he makes is when continuing a pregnancy puts the mother’s life at risk. His arguments are strong against abortion at a later stage ofRead MoreThe Issue Of Abortion And Abortion876 Words   |  4 PagesAbortion is one of the most debatable and controversial issues that exists in our society. An abortion is a medical procedure that terminates a pregnancy before 24 weeks. People who call themselves Pro-Life feel that it is the government’s responsibility to preserve all life, regardless of concerns for the pregnant woman’s health, or for the quality of the life of the child. The Pro-Choice argument feels that a woman should have the choice when it comes to what they wish to do with their own reproductiveRead More Abortion Essay1130 Words   |  5 Pages Abortion: A Controversial Issue nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;nbsp;One of the major controversial issues confronting the society today is abortion. I choose abortion as the topic of discussion since it contradicts my values and beliefs. Abortion is the extraction of the human fetus from the mother’s womb with an intention to end the life of that fetus prior to its natural birth. The controversy surrounding abortion is whether it should be legalized or not? In my opinion, abortion is morally and ethically

Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis

Introduction to Linear Regression and Correlation Analysis Goals After this, you should be able to: †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ †¢ Calculate and interpret the simple correlation between two variables Determine whether the correlation is significant Calculate and interpret the simple linear regression equation for a set of data Understand the assumptions behind regression analysis Determine whether a regression model is significant Goals (continued) After this, you should be able to: †¢ Calculate and interpret confidence intervals for the regression coefficients †¢ Recognize regression analysis applications for purposes of prediction and description †¢ Recognize some potential problems if regression analysis is used incorrectly †¢ Recognize†¦show more content†¦sed to: – Predict the value of a dependent variable based on the value of at least one independent variable – Explain the impact of changes in an independent variable on the dependent variable Dependent variable: the variable we wish to explain Independent variable: the variable used Simple Linear Regression Model †¢ Only one independent variable, x †¢ Relationship between x and y is described by a linear function †¢ Changes in y are assumed to be caused by changes in x Types of Regression Models Positive Linear Relationship Relationship NOT Linear Negative Linear Relationship No Relationship Population Linear Regression The population regression model: Population y intercept Dependent Variable Population Slope Coefficient Independent Variable y ï€ ½ ÃŽ ²0 ï€ « ÃŽ ²1x ï€ « ÃŽ µ Linear component Random Error term, or residual Random Error component Linear Regression Assumptions †¢ Error values (ÃŽ µ) are statistically independent †¢ Error values are normally distributed for any given value of x †¢ The probability distribution of the errors is normal †¢ The probability distribution of the errors has constant variance †¢ The underlying relationship between the x Population Linear Regression y Observed Value of y for xi y ï€ ½ ÃŽ ²0 ï€ « ÃŽ ²1x ï€ « ÃŽ µ ÃŽ µi (continued) Slope = ÃŽ ²1 Random Error for this x value Predicted Value of y for xi Intercept = ÃŽ ²0 xi x Estimated Regression Model The sample regression line provides an estimate of theShow MoreRelatedIterative Multivariate Regression For Correlated Responses1246 Words   |  5 PagesIterative Multivariate Regression for Correlated Responses Multivariate regression is a standard statistical tool that regresses independent variables (predictors) against a single dependent variable (response variable).The objective is to find a linear model that best predicts the dependent variable from the independent variables. In order to explain the data in the simplest way, redundant or unnecessary predictors should be removed. Such eliminating process is needed for the following reasons.Read MoreAnalysis Of The American Community Survey1580 Words   |  7 PagesAbstract This multiple regression project relies on secondary data collected by the American Community Survey (ACS). The data reflects police killings that have occurred in the United States in the year 2015. From this research, I’m seeking to claim that the response variable of personal income is influenced by seven explanatory variables; college education, population, unemployment rate, poverty rate and race (share_white, share_black and share_hispanic). 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East Mercy Medical Center Analysis free essay sample

The East Mercy Medical Center recently hired a new assistant administrator, given the name Dorothy Jacobs. One of her first tasks is to evaluate ways to improve the costs of their hospital management related to the patient capacity in three main hospital wards: Obstetrics, Surgery and Pediatrics. The hospital board is considering expanding their offerings of the same wards, and has allocated a total of $400,000 as budget for this project. The administrator must determine how many additional beds can best satisfy the supply and demand for all the units, considering the budget constraints. Additionally the hospital must follow state guidelines by ensuring not to exceed their capacity more than 5% of the time. Capacity and Cost Analysis Using statistics, the new administrator began analyzing current year’s patient census in each of these wards. The details of Dorothy’s staff findings are depicted on Table I, below. We consider a level of significance of 0. We will write a custom essay sample on East Mercy Medical Center Analysis or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page 05, given the state regulations. Table I East Mercy Medical Center 2014 Census Data WARD COST PER ADDITIONAL BED SUPPORTING EQUIPMENT (MAX 400,000) CURRENT CAPACITY AVERAGE BEDS USED PER DAY STANDARD DEVIATION Obstetrics 20,000 30 24 (X1) 6. 1 Surgery 26,000 20 13 (X2) 4. 3 Pediatrics 15,500 24 19 (X3) 4. 7 Let B1, B2 and B3 to identify the number of beds to be added. Accordingly, let X1, X2 and X3 be the current demand for beds. Each of these variables is match with the cost constrain; thus we can obtain the following equation: 20,000*B1 + 26,000*B2 + 15,500*B3 ? $400,000 Given the level of significance ? =0. 05, t=0. 95, with a confidence value z=1. 65; thus we can obtain the probability equation per each ward. We begin with Obstetrics: P (X1 ? 30 + B1) ? 0. 95 24 + 1. 65*6. 1 ? 30 + K1 K1? 4. 065 We recommend purchasing at least 4. 3 beds; since we cannot have a 0. 065 bed, we conclude 5 beds are required at a cost of 22,000*5=110,000. A graph of the probability follows, on Graph I. Graph I Student T- Distribution Graphic at a=0. 05, t=09. 95 for the Obstetrics Ward We continue on to analyze the Surgery ward: P (X2 ? 20 + B2) ? 0. 95 13 + 1. 65*4. 3 ? 20 + K2 K2 ? 0. 095 We recommend purchasing at least 0. 95 beds; since we cannot have a 0. 95 bed, we conclude 1 bed is required at a cost of 26,000*1=26,000. A graph of the probability follows, on Graph II. Graph II Student T- Distribution Graphic at a=0. 05, t=09. 95 for the Surgery Ward We finish by analyzing the Pediatrics ward: P (X3 ? 30 + B3) ? 0. 95 19 + 1. 65*4. 7 ? 24 + K3 K3? 2. 755 We recommend purchasing at least 2. 75 beds; since we cannot have a 0. 75 bed, we conclude 3 beds are necessary, at a cost of 15,500*3=46,500. A graph of the probability follows, on Graph III. Graph III Student T- Distribution Graphic at a=0. 05, t=09. 95 for the Pediatrics Ward Given the calculations above, we conclude that a minimum of 9 beds should be added to the hospital capacity distributed as follows; 5 new beds in Obstetrics, 1 new bed in Surgery and 3 new beds in Pediatrics. The total cost for all 9 beds is found by adding up the costs per bed and supplementary accessories per ward, with the equation below: ($22,000*5) + ($26,000*1) + (15,500*3) = $110,000 + $26,000 + $46,500 = $182,500 The total budget for this expansion is less than the allocated $400,000. Remaining funds can be used for additional improvements or future enhancements. References Johnston, N. (n. d. ) Statdistributions. com. Retrieved from http://www. statdistributions. com McClave, J. T. (2011). Statistics for Business and Economics, 11th ed. Pearson Education, Boston, MA. ISBN 978-0-321-64011-6 (student edition) University of Phoenix (2014). East Mercy Medical Center Case. QNT561 Class Home. Provided by Professor Victor Mojica

Political Economy an Example of the Topic Economics Essays by

Political Economy by Expert Prof J.F | 23 Dec 2016 Safety concerns about good produced in China topped the world news in 2007, with two-thirds of the recalls the United Stated Product Safety Commission issued in January to June tied to Chinese made products. In many cases the Chinese cried foul at the recall and even began to issue warnings of its own against American goods, mostly food stuffs, being imported into China. But it all adds up to an international political economy question that must be resolved by more stringent actions than single product recalls and a pissing match between two of the globes nuclear powers. To understand the resolution to the conflict and even the depth of what it means to the worlds economy, we must first understand what happened and try to identify why and how it happened. Need essay sample on "Political Economy" topic? We will write a custom essay sample specifically for you Proceed For most Americans, the issue of Chinese imports came to the forefront in February and March of 2007 when virtually every type of wet cat and dog food on the market and several dry varieties were recalled. At the beginning of the recall, the Product Safety Commission was even sure what was wrong with the product, except that it was causing high incidents of kidney failure in household pets. Eventually, the problem was linked to melamine, a form of plastic, in the rice gluten imported from China to make pet food (AMVA, 2007). Soon thereafter there was a recall on Chinese toothpaste contaminated with the chemicals that make anti-freeze poisonous, a ton of toys recalled for use of lead paint and just recently, a toy recalled because it contained a chemical similar to the date-rape drug GHP(greentimes.org, 2007). The underlying cause of all these recalls is unequal capitalism throughout the world. At the turn of the 20th century in the United States, Upton Sinclair wrote a Pulitizer Prize winning novel called The Jungle which outlined the horrors of the food-packing industry. Though more recent research shows that some meat-packing plants are still far from sanitary, The Jungle forced a sort of mandated correction on the American factory system. Then, with the addition of the Occupational Safety and Health Administration to protect workers and the increase in union strength leading up to World War II, Americans demanded that their government protect the workers and the consumer from potentially dangerous items. The very litigious nature of the American society may have contributed somewhat to the development, but the short version was that American companies developed a form of self-policing believing that capitalism with government regulation worked. But then in the last decade or so, the world became more interdependent and American companies began to send work to other areas, areas without a history of free enterprise and legal battles over product liability. They thought that specifying in a contract that toys could not be painted with lead-based paint would make it so. And, they thought that they could get all the protections which are built into the American factory system for a fraction of the price. They were wrong. Further complicating things is that America companies misunderstood the world. They assumed that all people would have the same values and belief systems as they did. No one ever took into consideration the sociology of the place that they were doing business with. In Communist China, workers who got a little sick, or even died from their toothpaste, would not be filing multi-million dollar lawsuits over the affair. And, certainly no one would be think they should be compensated because the dog or cat food killed a pet. Lead paint was the cheapest, so of course they would use it on their products, who wouldnt? In the consumer-driven American society, companies could not imagine anyone being so careless with the health of their customers as to poison something that is designed to be put in the mouth or add plastic to pet food. The complete disparity of the social equation then leads to a compounding of the political differences between the two countries. From the perspective of the American public, the Chinese has created products that: Portable baby swings that entrap youngsters, resulting in 60 reports of cuts, bruises and abrasions; Swimming pool ladders that break, resulting in 127 reports of injuries, including leg lacerations requiring up to 21 stitches, five reports of bone fractures, two back injuries, two reports of torn ligaments and eight sprained ankles; Faulty baby carriers that result in babies falling out and getting bruised, getting skulls cracked and hospitalizations; Easy-Bake Ovens that trap children's fingers in openings, resulting in burns; Oscillating tower fans whose faulty wiring results in fires, burns and smoke inhalation injuries; Exploding air pumps that have resulted in 13 lacerations including six facial injuries and one to the eye; Bargain-priced oil-filled electric heaters, selling for less than $50, that burn down homes; Notebook computer batteries that burn up computers, cause other property damage and burn users; Circular saws with faulty blade guards that result in cutting users, not wood From the Chinese perspective, American consumers were spoiled and overreacting. To some, it appeared that the Americans were subjecting everything to stringent standards that they would not hold themselves to. And, the Chinese government reacted by inspecting and rejecting American imports headed for China, claiming that food was contaminated with ants and that soybeans were laced with mold (China rejects, 2007). And, aside from the few hundred people worldwide affected by the product recalls, the real victim in the entire mess is the trade balance between the United States and China and the impact that the recalls have on consumer confidence in the United States. China has been granted most favored nation status by the United States, meaning that there are few tariffs on goods imported from China. And, china has a favorable balance of trade with the United States meaning they export more to the U.S. than they import from it, a good place for them to be in terms of world economies. But having millions or even billions of dollars of products returned because of product safety recalls. The only to keep the Communist government happy is to minimize imports during the time that the exports are curtailed. And, then you have two ideologically different government in a grand argument over whose products are more tainted. The only winner in that scenario is a nation that is uninvolved. The first people who suffer are those who lose out because of the lost imports. For the American consumer, the first Christmas season without Chinese toys will probably be met with a sigh of relief and the mistaken belief that they are avoiding the safety issues of the Chinese imports. But as prices rise and the basic costs of living increase, the loss of the international imports will hurt the American economy. On the other end, the loss of the American imports will hurt the Chinese populace much more rapidly. Most of the American imports being turned away were food products and with 1.3 billion people, China needs to import for its people. Food production was up this year in other parts of the world, but the American breadbasket does feed large hunks of the world. If American soybeans are turned away, china has to look elsewhere for its food. Even more worrisome from an economic standpoint is the affect that the recall has on purchasing patterns and economies. In October, 2007, the American Treasury Secretary Henry Paulson said that consumer fear over the recalls is causing serious problems with the American economy (CNN, 2007). Paulson then called on both governments to work together to allay fears and avoid international financial repercussions related to the recall. In essence, Paulson is the only one involved in the entire process who seems to understand the political economy of the event and its ramifications. His comments clearly show the need for cooperation and understanding between the two economic giants. What remains to be seen is whether they can set aside the huge ideological problems at the national level and deal with the ideological different in how they operate businesses. For example, the American government will have to explain that the 300 million Americans expect a certain level of safety in the things that they buy and will have to make the necessary financial concessions needed to improve the safety levels and the quality of raw materials in Chinese factories. American corporations will have to quit looking at China as a source of cheap labor and begin to make an investment into those factories if they expect them to meet American quality control standards. Furthermore, both sides will need to negotiate more clear contracts so that corporations can meet standards without a several month delay in discovering issues. Unfortunately, the reality is that the two economies are already interdependent because of the global economy. But if American corporations continue to treat China as nothing more than a source of cheap labor, they will continue to have recall after recall that destroys corporate profits and undermines consumer confidence. Part of the requirement of a global economy is the development of global standards of production. No longer can we argue that lead paint is okay for the rest of the world, but not good enough for Americans. We have to be able to view people as citizens of the world and treat all its citizens equally. The nature of economics is to always look for a way to increase profits, but in macroeconomics it is also necessary to look at the human costs and the environmental costs as well as the financial costs. If we are not willing to acknowledge that laissez faire capitalism is a thing of the past and that government regulation are an expected cost of producing goods, we will continue to have economic upheavals around the globe. The only other alternative, from an American perspective, is to return to an isolationist policy and buy American goods only. That is a completely unrealistic solution, but it is the only one that will work if the world governments cannot step beyond their ideologies to discuss economics based on real world needs and not outmoded theories. WORKS CITED China rejects U.S. imports, citing sanitary code, MSNBC, June 9, 2007, http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/19113689/> November 15, 2007 Comprehensive List of Recalled Food Lists, AMVA, November 15, 2007. Farah, Joseph. China products choke, burn, drown, drop, trap Americans, Washington's consumer safety recalls overwhelmingly hit imports from WorldNetDaily.com June 11, 2007. Paulson: Chinese Recalls Causing Fear In US, October 23, 2007. CNN.com November 15, 2007.